• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    Vermicomposting apparatus comprising a structure (2) for housing an organic mixture (21) and earthworms (22), at least a first grid (6) arranged horizontally and supported on the structure (2), and cutting means (12) to separate a humus (23) generated from the organic mixture (21) and the worms (22). The apparatus comprises at least a second grid (7) arranged parallel to the first grid (6), which divides the structure (2) into a first chamber (8) configured to house the organic mixture (21) and the worms (22) and a second chamber (9) between both grids (6, 7) and configured to house the humus (23), so that the first grid (6) is configured to support the humus (23) and the second grid (7) it is configured to support the organic mixture (21) and the worms (22), the cutting means (12) being arranged between both grids (6, 7). (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)
    公开号:ES2754823A1
    申请号:ES201831007
    申请日:2018-10-17
    公开日:2020-04-20
    发明作者:Querejeta Pablo Romera
    申请人:Green Humus S L；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    [0001]
    [0002] Vermicomposting apparatus.
    [0003]
    [0004] TECHNICAL SECTOR
    [0005]
    [0006] The present invention relates to a vermicomposting apparatus.
    [0007]
    [0008] PREVIOUS STATE OF THE TECHNIQUE
    [0009]
    [0010] Organic waste treatment facilities are known that include a vermicomposting stage, that is, a stage in which organic matter is broken down using earthworms.
    [0011]
    [0012] In US 7,964,385 B2, an organic waste treatment facility is described, where initially the waste is separated according to the material to be processed and mixed with water to create the determined mixture. The installation includes beds that are fed with a pre-composted organic mixture, the beds including a net where the earthworm paste and the organic mixture are deposited. The installation also includes a blade that can be moved longitudinally along the bed, the blade being connected to a cable associated with a winch motor so that the blade can be moved from side to side of the chamber to cut the generated humus. The blade forces the lower layer of the chamber to pass through the net to a collection area located under the bed.
    [0013]
    [0014] On the other hand, in EP 0196887 A2 a continuous vermicomposting system for industrial application is described that includes an organic matter feeder, a container, a network included in said container and a blade that extends transversely to the network and that moves along it to cut the generated humus. The recovery of the humus is carried out by means of conveyor belts, scrapers or other means.
    [0015]
    [0016] STATEMENT OF THE INVENTION
    [0017]
    [0018] The object of the invention is to provide a vermicomposting apparatus, as defined in the claims.
    [0019]
    [0020] The vermicomposting apparatus according to the invention comprises a structure configured to house organic matter and earthworms inside it, at least a first grid arranged horizontally and supported in the structure, and cutting means configured to separate an earthworm humus generated by from organic matter and earthworms.
    [0021]
    [0022] The vermicomposting apparatus comprises at least a second grid arranged parallel to the first grid which divides the structure into an upper chamber arranged on the second grid and configured to house the organic mixture and earthworms and a lower chamber arranged between the first grid and the second grid and configured to house the humus generated in the upper chamber. The second grid is configured to support the organic mixture and the worms and the first grid is configured to support the humus generated in the upper chamber. In this way, each grid would support less weight than in the state of the art and, therefore, it is possible to design a vermicomposting apparatus with a higher height than in the state of the art to treat more organic matter comparatively with respect to vermicomposting apparatus known in the state of the art.
    [0023]
    [0024] On the other hand, by being able to design the vermicomposting apparatus with a higher height, using the same proportion of water, a drier humus is obtained, improving the efficiency of the humus generation process in the vermicomposting apparatus.
    [0025]
    [0026] Furthermore, by separating the humus generated from the organic matter in another chamber, prior to cutting the humus, an excess of humidity in the humus housed in the lower chamber is avoided. In particular, moisture is prevented from concentrating in said lower chamber, preventing humus from caking and entering anaerobic conditions due to lack of aeration.
    [0027]
    [0028] Finally, as the cutting means are arranged under the second grid, in particular between the two grids, they are subjected to less mechanical stress. Furthermore, by not compacting the humus in the lower chamber, the cutting media is prevented from clogging.
    [0029]
    [0030] These and other advantages and characteristics of the invention will become apparent in view of the figures and the detailed description of the invention.
    [0031] DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
    [0032]
    [0033] Figure 1 shows a perspective view of an embodiment of a vermicomposting apparatus according to the invention.
    [0034]
    [0035] Figure 2 shows a perspective view of the vermicomposting apparatus shown in Figure 1 without grids of said apparatus.
    [0036]
    [0037] Figure 3 shows a schematic sectional view of the vermicomposting apparatus shown in Figure 1.
    [0038]
    [0039] Figure 4 shows a detail of some grids included in the vermicomposting apparatus shown in Figure 1.
    [0040]
    [0041] Figure 5 shows another detail of some grids included in the vermicomposting apparatus shown in Figure 1.
    [0042]
    [0043] DETAILED STATEMENT OF THE INVENTION
    [0044]
    [0045] An embodiment of a vermicomposting apparatus 1 according to the invention is shown in Figures 1 to 5. Said vermicomposting apparatus 1 is adapted for an industrial vermicomposting installation not fully represented in the figures, in which a vermicomposting process is carried out.
    [0046]
    [0047] The vermicomposting process, known in the state of the art, comprises an initial stage in which residues are received and organic residues are separated from non-organic residues. Subsequently, it is possible to mix the separated organic waste with paper and / or cardboard in order to achieve an adequate carbon / nitrogen ratio. In a later stage, the organic waste mixed or not with paper and / or cardboard is introduced into a shredder with the aim of reducing volume and speeding up the vermicomposting process.
    [0048]
    [0049] Subsequently, the crushed mixture is taken to a precomposting apparatus that has as The objective is to prepare the organic mixture that is finally introduced into a vermicomposting apparatus. It is also possible to introduce the crushed organic mixture directly into the vermicomposting apparatus without the mixture being previously precomposited, but it will take longer to vermicompost.
    [0050]
    [0051] In an embodiment of the invention, shown in Figures 1 to 3, the vermicomposting apparatus 1 comprises a structure 2 configured to house an organic matter 21 and earthworms 22, a feeding system 20 (schematically represented in the figure 3) through which the organic matter 21 is initially introduced and later the earthworms 22, a first grid 6 arranged horizontally and supported on the structure 2 and a second grid 7 supported also on the structure 2 and arranged on the first grid 6. The second grid 7 divides the structure 2 into an upper chamber 8 configured to house the organic matter 21 and the worms 22 (schematically represented in figure 3) and a lower chamber 9 configured to house a worm humus 23 (schematically represented in the Figure 3) generated from the organic mixture 21 and the earthworms 22.
    [0052]
    [0053] The structure 2 comprises vertical supports 3, longitudinal supports 4 that longitudinally connect the vertical supports 3 to each other and side walls 5 fixed respectively to the corresponding vertical and 3 or / or longitudinal supports 4 and delimiting respectively the upper chamber 8 and the lower chamber 9. Chambers 8 and 9 are laterally closed, although in Figures 1,2 and 4 one of the side walls 5 of each chamber 8 and 9 has been removed in order to visualize the interior of these. On the other hand, each first 6 and second grid 7 includes a grid support 11 and 10 respectively, through which the respective grid 6 and 7 is supported on structure 2, in particular on the longitudinal supports 4 of structure 2 The grid support 10 corresponding to the second grid 7 has a frame shape, that is to say it has a substantially rectangular geometry, and includes a reinforcement 10a that transversely crosses said grid support 10, its purpose being to avoid buckling in said second grid 7. For its part, the grid support 11 corresponding to the first grid 6 is also in the form of a substantially rectangular frame and includes a longitudinally extending reinforcement 11a on which the cutting means 12 are guided.
    [0054] The feeding means 20 initially introduce the organic matter 21 and the earthworms 22 into the upper chamber 8 depositing it on the second grid 7 as layers. Subsequently, the earthworms 22 once they transform the organic matter 21 of the lower layers will rise and be arranged in the upper part of the upper chamber 8, in particular approximately 1/3 of the height of the upper chamber 8, the humidity being in the area where the earthworms 22 are, about 80%.
    [0055]
    [0056] As the humus 23 is generated, said humus 23 falls through the second grid 7 towards the second chamber 9. For this, the second grid 7 comprises a plurality of holes 7a configured to allow the passage of the generated humus 23 in the upper chamber 8 towards lower chamber 9. These gaps 7a are large enough to allow the passage of the humus 23 by gravity. The humus 23 deposited in the lower chamber 9 has less humidity than that obtained in the vermicomposting apparatus of the state of the art for the following reason. The height of the vermicomposting apparatus 1 shown in the figures, in particular the total height of the chambers 8 and 9 is greater than that of the vermicomposting apparatuses known in the state of the art that only comprise one chamber, therefore it is possible to treat a greater amount of organic matter. The lower chamber 9 houses only the humus generated in the upper chamber 8. Said lower chamber 9 has a height lower than the height of the upper chamber 8, the second grid 7 being configured to support a weight greater than that of the first grid 6 Taking into account that the amount of water added in the vermicomposting apparatus 1 to maintain approximately 80% humidity in the area in which the earthworms 22 are arranged is similar to that used in the state of the art and that the amount of organic matter 21 that exerts pressure on the humus 23 is less than in the state of the art, the humus 23 generated in the upper chamber 8 of the vermicomposting apparatus 1 according to the invention is drier and therefore, the vermicomposting process is more efficient. On the other hand, the humus 23 deposited in the lower chamber 9 matures in the presence of oxygen without organic material 21 crushing it, so that by not weighing said humus down and preventing it from entering anaerobic conditions due to lack of aeration, it is obtained a better quality humus and a more efficient process.
    [0057]
    [0058] On the other hand, the first grid 6 that delimits the lower chamber 9, comprises a plurality of holes 6a configured to allow the passage of the humus 23 to the outside, the Gaps 6a of the first grid 6 smaller than the gaps 7a of the second grid 7. That is, the gaps 7a of the second grid 7 have a greater surface area than the gaps 6a of the first grid 6. In particular, in the embodiment shown in the figures the gaps 7a of the second grid 7 have an area of approximately 30% of the surface of the gaps 6a of the first grid 6. The size of the gaps 7a of the second grid 7 will depend on the grain size of the organic matter 21, as indicated above, said gaps 7a are configured to allow the humus 23 generated in the upper chamber 8 to fall into the lower chamber 9 by gravity. For its part, the size of the gaps 6a of the first grid 6 will also depend on the grain size of the humus 23 generated, said gaps 6a being configured to allow the passage of the humus 23 once it has been cut by the cutting means 12 preventing the humus 23 from falling into the lower chamber 9 until the cutting means 12 act. That is, preventing the humus 23 from leaving the chamber 9 as it is deposited in it.
    [0059]
    [0060] The cutting means 12 comprise a blade 12a shown in Figure 1 and in detail in Figures 4 and 5, configured to move in the X direction of advance. The blade 12a extends transverse to the X direction of travel in the lower chamber. 9. The cutting means 12 further comprise a winch-type motor connected to the blade 12a through a cable (the cable and the motor are not shown in the figures) so that the motor is able to move the blade 12a in the X direction to cut the humus 23. The blade 12a comprises a support 12b (shown in detail in figure 4) through which it rests on the reinforcement 11a of the support 11 of the first grid 6, the blade 12a being guided to the length of said reinforcement 11a. Furthermore, the side walls 5 of the structure 2 comprise respective guides 5b which extend longitudinally in the direction of advance X, the ends 12c of the blade 12a resting on said guides 5b, so that they collaborate in the guided movement of the blade 12a in the direction of advance X (longitudinal direction) to cut the humus 23. Since the lower chamber 9 houses only humus 23 generated in the upper chamber 8, the blade 12a is subjected to less weight and less effort than in the state of the technique, so it will be subject to fewer breakdowns.
    [0061]
    [0062] Although in the shown embodiment the grids 6 and 7 are rigid and include rods 6b and 7b rigid and crossed with each other, configuring the corresponding gaps 6a and 7a, in other Embodiments not shown, said grids can be flexible, of the mesh or network type with the holes to allow the passage of the humus.
    [0063]
    [0064] Finally, once the humus 23 leaves the lower chamber 9, it is collected and moved through conveyor means (not shown in the figures) to the next stage of the process. The conveyor means are known in the state of the art and can comprise a conveyor belt or a worm screw.
    权利要求:
    Claims (8)
    [1]
    1. Vermicomposting apparatus comprising a structure (2) configured to house an organic mixture (21) and worms (22), at least a first grid (6) arranged horizontally and supported on the structure (2), and a cutting means (12) configured to separate a humus (23) generated from the organic mixture (21) and the worms (22), characterized in that it comprises at least a second grid (7) arranged parallel to the first grid (6), which divides the structure (2) into an upper chamber (8) arranged on the second grid (7) and configured to house the organic mixture (21) and the worms (22), and a lower chamber (9) arranged between the first grid (6) and the second grid (7) and configured to house the humus (23) generated in the upper chamber (8), so that the first grid (6) is configured to support the humus (23 ) generated and the second grid (7) is configured to support the organic mixture (21) and the shields (22), the cutting means (12) being arranged between the second grid (7) and the first grid (6).
    [2]
    2. Vermicomposting apparatus according to the preceding claim, wherein the first grid (6) comprises a plurality of holes (6a) configured to allow the passage of the humus (23) comprised in the second chamber (9) towards the outside once the humus (23) has been cut by the cutting means (12), and the second grid (7) comprises a plurality of holes (7a) configured to allow the passage of the generated humus (23) in the upper chamber (8) towards the lower chamber (9), the holes (7a) of the second grid (7) being larger than the holes (6a) of the first grid (6).
    [3]
    3. Vermicomposting apparatus according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the lower chamber (9) houses only the humus (23) generated in the upper chamber (8).
    [4]
    4. Vermicomposting apparatus according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the lower chamber (9) has a height less than the height of the upper chamber (8), the second grid (7) supporting a weight greater than that of the first grid (6).
    [5]
    Vermicomposting apparatus according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the cutting means (12) comprise a blade (12a) extending transversely in the lower chamber (9) and configured to move within the chamber lower (9) in a forward direction (X) guided along a support (11) of the first grid (6).
    [6]
    6. Vermicomposting apparatus according to the preceding claim, wherein the blade (12a) comprises a support (12b) through which it rests on a reinforcement (11a) of the support (11) of the first grid (6), guided by the blade (12a) along said support (12b).
    [7]
    7. Vermicomposting apparatus according to claims 5 or 6, wherein the structure
    (2) comprises side walls (5) that include guides (5b) that extend longitudinally in the advance direction (X), with ends (12c) of the blade (12a) being supported on said guides (5b).
    [8]
    8. Vermicomposting installation comprising a vermicomposting apparatus according to any preceding claim.
    one
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    同族专利:
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    ES2754823B2|2020-09-08|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    NL7014580A|1970-10-05|1972-04-07|
    DE4202463A1|1992-01-29|1993-08-05|Rte Relli Technology Ersatec G|Compositing unit - has filling section followed by rotting and retention section and preparation stage for rapid compositing and continuous humus removal|
    WO2004035509A1|2002-10-17|2004-04-29|Vermitech Limited|Apparatus for use in vermiculture|
    RU2363688C1|2008-02-14|2009-08-10|Государственное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Пермский государственный университет"|Preparation method for bio-organic matter and unit for its implementation|
    WO2013138926A1|2012-03-21|2013-09-26|Institut De Recherche Et De Developpement En Agroenvironnement Inc.|System to evacuate materials from a chamber|
    MD632Y|2012-05-04|2013-05-31|Iurii Frolov|Plant for the production of vermiculture and vermicompost and vermicompost extractor|
    WO2015173804A1|2014-05-12|2015-11-19|Caesar Avraham|Worm harvesting apparatus|
    法律状态:
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    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    ES201831007A|ES2754823B2|2018-10-17|2018-10-17|Vermicomposting apparatus|ES201831007A| ES2754823B2|2018-10-17|2018-10-17|Vermicomposting apparatus|
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